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wmindanTa
kanonizaciis Sesaxeb
Zveli eklesiis
Tavdapirvel wmindanTa dass Seadgendnen Zveli aRTqmis patriarqebi da
winaswarmetyvelni, axali aRTqmis mociqulebi da mociqulTasworebi, aseve mowameebi, romlebmac
sisxli daTxies qristesaTvis.
am sias aseve miakuTvnebdnen,
garda gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa, eklesiis pirvelierarqebs – ganmanaTleblebs
- maTi gardacvalebis Semdeg. aRsaniSnavia, rom Zvel eklesiaSi mowame
wmindanebs ufro did pativs miagebdnen, vidre wmindan patriarqebs. imaze, Tu
ramdenad frTxilad ekideboda eklesia patriarqebis wmindanad Seracxvas, isic
metyvelebs, rom TviT aTanase aleqsandrieli, basili didi, grigol
RvTismetyveli, grigol noseli, ioane oqropiri, kirile aleqsandrieli, epifane
kipreli wmindanebad mTeli eklesiis mier aRiarebul iqnen mogvianebiT,
imperator leonide brZenis dros (886-911).
wmindanTa sxva kategorias
ganekuTvnebian “Rirsi” mamebi – gandegilebi, meudabnoeebi, asketebi,
romelTa ricxvi sul ufro matulobda egviptisa da palestinis udabnoebSi am
Rvawlis SemoqmedTa da maT mimdevarTa momravlebis Sedegad.
wmindanTa kategorias
aseve miekuTvnebian “aRmsareblebi” – qristianebi, romlebmac daiTmines
qristesaTvis tanjva da wameba, an tyveoba da gadasaxleba.
Zveli eklesiis wmindanebs aseve
ganekuTvnebodnen keTilmorwmune wmindanebi - eklesiis winaSe didi
damsaxurebis mqone mefeni da didebulebi.
meoTxe saukunidan aleqsandriis eklesiis
samonazvno wreSi Cndeba kidev erTi saxeoba wmindanobisa – siSlege, romlis
safuZvelsac warmoadgens pavle mopciqulis sityva korinTelTa mimarT (pirv.
kor., 4, 10). mogvianebiT imave
mniSvnelobiT ixmareba sityva “netari”, aseve salosi.
saeklesio swavlebiT RvTis rCeulni,
romlebic Seadgenen wmindanTa dass, evedrebian RmerTs maTi erTmorwmune
cocxali ZmebisaTvis, romlebic aRavlenen locvas maTi misamarTiT.
Tavdapirvelad wmindanad Seracxva xdeboda
raime gansakuTrebuli wesis gareSe, da Semoifargleboda adgilobrivi
episkoposis nebarTviT wmindanis saxelis diptixSi SetaniT da maTi
gardacvalebis aRsaniSnavad dResaswaulis dadgeniT. magram imisaTvis, rom
wmindanTa dasSi ar moxvedriliyvnen saeWvo pirebi, mogvianebiT wmindanad
Seracxvam miiRo kanonizaciis aqtis saxe.
konstantinepolis eklesiis, aseve ruseTis
da sxva eklesiebis mier damkvidrebuli kanonizaciis principebi erTmaneTis
msgavsia. kanonizaciis ZiriTad kriteriums warmoadgens saswaulmoqmedebis
niWi, gamovlenili wmindanis sicocxleSi an misi gardacvalebis Semdeg, aseve,
zogierT SemTxvevaSi, nawilebis uxrwneloba. garda imisa, rom wmindanebi, maTi
Rvawlis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisagan (mowameebi,
ganmanaTleblebi, Rirsebi da a.S.), maTi saxelis xsenebis arealic
gansxvavebuli iyo – zogierTTa moxsenieba xdeboda adgilobriv taZrebSi,
zogierTTa – adgilobriv eparqiebSi, zogierTTa – mTeli adgilobrivi eklesiis
mier. wmindanis xsenebis dRis dawesebas win uZRvoda eparqiis xelisufalTa
mier samuSaoebis Catareba wmindanis kubosTan (gaTxrili saflavidan
amosvenebul wminda nawilebTan) saswaulebis WeSmaritebis dasadastureblad (zogjer
– uxrwnelobis dasadasturebladac). amis Semdeg dgindeboda sazeimo xsenebis
dRe, dgeboda wmindanisadmi miZRvnili gansakuTrebuli msaxureba, iwereboda
wmindanis xati, aseve, iwereboda wmindanis “cxovreba” im saswaulTa aRweriT,
rac, saeklesio gadmocemis safuZvelze, dadasturebuli iyo saeklesio
xelisufalTa gamokvleviT.
qristes eklesiaSi “wmindanTa”
dekanonizaciis praqtikac arsebobs da igi araerTxel iqna gamoyenebuli. im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ama Tu im garemoebis gamo moxda iseTi pirovnebis
wmindanad Seracxva, romelic ar imsaxurebs wmindanobas, eklesia axdens mis
dekanonizacias. amas aqvs uaRresad didi mniSvneloba rogorc eklesiisTvis,
ise dekanonizebulis sulisaTvis.
aramarTebulad
Seracxvis safrTxe
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis mier wmindanad Seracxvis praqtikas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
mebrZoli eklesiisaTvis. kanonizaciis aqtiT eklesia, erTis mxriv, aRiarebs
da afasebs wmindanad Seracxilis Rvawlsa da damsaxurebas sarwmunoebisa da
eklesiisa winaSe, meores mxriv, wmindanad Seracxilis saxiT, Tuki Seracxva
marTebulad moxda, iZens meoxsa da Semwes RvTis winaSe. eklesis istoria
mdidaria saocari magaliTebiT wmindanTa Semweobisa maT mimarT mavedrebelTa
da msasoebelTa mimarT, roogorc calkeul pironebaTa, ise mTeli erisa da
qveynis mimarT. Cveni qveynis istoriidan cnobilia brwyinvale saswaulebi
amgvari Semweobisa, Tu rogori uZleveli xdeboda uflis gziT mavali da
marTlmkveTeli eri da qveyana uZlieres, uborotes da mravlricxovan mterTagan,
rodesac brZolis velze zeciuri celiT iceleboda borot TeslTagan aRmocenebuli
samkali.
im
SemTxvevaSi ki, rodesac Seracxva aramarTebulad, daumsaxureblad xdeba, -
SecdomiT, anu gamouZieblad, Tu sxva ram mosazrebebiT - maSin eklesia, erTis
mxriv, ver iZens meoxsa da Semwes RvTis winaSe, xolo meores mxriv, Tavadve
ambobs uars aramarTebulad wmindanad Seracxili codvili sulisaTvis locvaze da
Semweobaze. aseT Seracxvas sxva uaryofiTi datvirTvac aqvs, razec nawilobriv
qvemoT visaubrebT. mokled ki aRvniSnavT, rom aramarTebul wmindanTa
momravleba Signidan arRvevs eklesias da asustebs morwmune eris rwenas,
amdenad, eklesiis mtris xelSi, warmoadgens Zlier iaraRs eklesiis winaaRmdeg
brZolisaTvis. es, upirvelesad, dakavSirebulia imasTan, rom morwmuneTaTvis
umniSvnelovanesia wmindanTa, rogorc RvTis moSiSTa, RvTismosavTa,
aRmsarebelTa, moRvaweTa da wamebulTa amqveyniuri cxovrebisa Tu mowamebrivi
aRsasrulis magaliTi. xSirad amgvari magaliTebiT avadmqrol qarTagan RvTisgan
gandrekili eri sulierad gamagrebula, wamomarTula da kvlav RvTisken
Semobrunebula.
magaliTisaTvis
davasaxelebT wm. didmowame qeTevan dedofals, romelmac saqarvelos mravalgzis
momaoxrebeli da omSi damamarcxebeli, sparseTis erT-erTi gamoCenili
xelmwife, Sah abasi, Tavisi mowamebrivi sikvdiliT daamarcxa da amiT
saqarTvelos sparseTze sulieri
gamarjveba moapovebina, ramac misca saqarTvelosa da qarTvelobas sulieri
Zalebi, ar gatexiliyo, dacemuliyo, ar gamusulmanebuliyo, ar aRgviliyo
pirisagan miwisa. RvTis wyalobamac ar daayovna da ganadgurebis piras misuli
qarTl-kaxeTi, sa mironcxebuli mefis, Teimuraz II-is RvawliTa da mefe erekle
II-is TavdadebiT, kvlav fexze wamoimarTa da dideba aRidgina.
am
ududesi mniSvnelobis gamo wmindanad Seracxva uaRresad sapasuxismgeblo
saqmea. amitom kanonizaciis procesi, rogorc wesi, xangrZliv da rTul process
warmoadgens. ra Tqma unda, wmindanad Seracxva RvTis SemweobiTa Tu daSvebiT
xdeba. metic, swored RmerTi mouvlenda xolme eklesiasa da morwmune ers
Znelbedobis Jams, xSirad gadamwyvet
momentSi, wminda adamians, romelic Tavisi RmerTSemosilobis wyalobiT
aRadgenda xolme dasustebul RvTis ers da ganaZlierebda WeSmarit eklesias,
aZlevda mas gamarjvebas borotebasTan brZolaSi.
magram
wmindanad Seracxvis aqti aResruleboda da dResac aResruleba sasuliero pirTa
sakrebulos mier da, amdenad, ar aris dazRveuli am sakrebulos
subieqtivizmisa Tu sxva faqtorebis zemoqmedebisagan. erT-erT aseT faqtorad
dRevandeli saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi SeiZleba moviazroT erTgvari “saxelmwifo
dakveTa”, im viTarebaSi, rodesac jer kidev Zlieria saxelmwifos gavlena
eklesiaze, rodesac saxelmwifos jer kidev SenarCunebuli aqvs wlebis manZilze
Camoyalibebuli eklesiis marTvis meqanizmebi da misi gavlenis
ganmaxorcielebeli pirovnebebi, faruli Tu xiluli faqtorebi. sruliad naTelia,
rom bolo periodis saxelmwifo dakveTis erTerT mimarTulebad sul ufro mkafiod
ikveTeba ekumenisturi orientaciis,
ekumenisturi Sexedulebebis gavrceleba da damkvidreba morwmune eris
cnobierebaSi. es gansakuTrebiT TvalnaTliv gamoCnde mas mere, rac eklesiam,
udavod RvTis SemweobiT, miiRo istoriuli gadawyvetileba da gamovida msoflo
eklesiaTa sabWos Semadgenlobidan. Tu rogor da ris fasad, es calke Temaa da
amaze msjeloba da fiqri dResac mimdinareobs. amjerad am mimarTebiT sityvas
aRar gavagrZelebT.
Ria Tu
faruli ekumenisturi Semotevebi saqarTvelos eklesiaze iyo da momavalSic
iqneba. ekumenisturi poziciebis gasaZliereblad garkveulma Zalebma moaxerxes
da eklesias Tavs moaxvies iseTi adamianis wmindanad Seracxva, rogoric
grigol feraZea _ gamorCeuli pirovnuli da adamianuri Tvisebebis mqone,
magram ekumenisturi cnobierebis matarebeli pirovneba. proekumenisturi
sasuliero da saero pirebi ukve manipulireben misi mosazrebebiTa da
TeoriebiT, rac mimarTulia qristes eklesiis swavlebis wainaaRmdeg da miznad
isaxavs eklesiis modernizaciasa da ekumenistur relsebze gadayvanas.
amisaTvis,
mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, ganvixiloT grigol feraZis fenomni da pativi
mivagoT im sazomebiT, rac mas Seefereba da rac metad argebs mis suls.
wmindanoba gacilebiT metia
saistorio Jurnal
“artanujis”, 2003 w., #11 mTlianad grigol feraZes mieZRvna. masSi
moyvanilia rogorc cnobebi grigol feraZis Sesaxeb, aseve Tavad grigol
feraZis werilebi. Tavis mxriv grigol feraZis werilebic Seicaven saintereso
cnobebs maTi avtoris pirovnebis cxovrebis, azrovnebis, msoflmxedvelobisa da
mrwamsis Sesaxeb. Tavidanve unda iTqvas, rom grigol feraZis saxiT Cven
gvyavs udavod saintereso, niWieri da Sromismoyvare mecnieri, saqarTvelosa
da misi eklesiis istoriisa da patristikis mkvlevari. saqme rom ar exebodes
wmindanad Seracxil pirovnebas, Cven ar videbdiT Tavs am arc Tu sasiamovno
Sromas – ar SevawuxebdiT grigol feraZis suls da ar warmovaCendiT mis
pirovnebas im rakursiT, rogorc es winamdebare werilSia. aseve ar davsvamdiT
sakmaod usiamovno, magram, Cveni azriT, aucilebel da saWirboroto kiTxvas –
marTebuli iyo Tu ara grigol feraZis wmindanad Seracxva? sakiTxis ase dasmis
mniSvneloba iqidan gamomdinareobs, rom aramarTebulad Seracxilis saxiT
eklesias wmindani ki ar emateba, aramed - pirovneba, romelic iqceva
morwmuneTa mibsaZvis sagnad da magaliTis mimcemad, da maSaadame – SecdomaSi
Semyvanad da damabrkoleblad mravalTaTvis. aseTi “wmindanebis” momravleba
eklesiaSi safrTxes uqmnis eklesiis swavlebis ucvlelobasa da ucTomelobas,
aZlierebs eklesiisTvis miuRebel modernistul suliskveTebas.
rogorc vTqviT, grigol
feraZis cxorebis, misi pirovnebis – mecnierisa da Teologis – Camoyalibebis
Sesaxeb cnobebs Tavad grigol feraZe gvawvdis Tavis werilebSi. am
werilebidan Cans, rom grigol feraZe evropaSi swavlisa da samecniero
moRvaweobis periodSi yalibdeba evropuli azrovnebisa da dasavluri sulieri
Rirebulebebis matarebel pirovnebad, rac, ZiriTadad, ganpirobebuli iyo im
garemoTi da im wriT, romelSic mas uxdeboda cxovreba, swavla Tu samecniero
moRvaweoba. aseve TvalnaTliv Cans, rom grigol feraZis pirovnebaSi mecnieri
sWarbobs sasuliero pirs. Tavis mxriv sasuliero pir feraZeSi ekumenuri
azrovnebis adepti Warbobs marTlmadidebel qristians. igi ocnebobs im dReze,
rodesac dasavleTis kaTolikuri “eklesia” da aRmosavleTis marTlmadidebeli
eklesia urTierTkompromisebis gziT gaerTiandebian, magram SenarCunebuli
iqneba romis “eklesiis” primati, rogorc istoriuli aucilebloba. igi ocnebobs
im “didebul” dReze, rodesac sarwmunoebani gaerTiandebian da macxovris xeze “sami toti” –
marTlmadidebloba, kaTolicizmi da protestantizmi _ erTmaneTs gadaeWdoba,
magram, samwuxarod, am gaerTianebaSi grigol feraZis mier ar igulisxmeba
mwvalebelTa moqceva WeSmaritebaze, anu maTi qristes eklesiaSi dabruneba.
pirvelive SexedviT aSkaraa,
rom grigol feraZis azrovneba aramarTlmadidebluria da eklesiisTvis sruliad
miuRebeli. maS ra SeiZleba iyos aramarTlmadidebluri azrovnebis pirovnebis,
miTumetes sasuliero piris marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmindanad Seacxvis
motivacia? erTaderTi motivacia SeiZleba iyos am pirovnebis mowameobrivi
aRsasruli, qristesTvis daTxeuli sisxli, romelsac win uswrebs sinanuli
Tavisi araeklesiuri azrovnebisa da gamonaTqvamebis gamo.
grigol feraZesTan
dakavSirebiT, samwuxarod, ara gvaqvs cnoba misi sinanulis Sesaxeb Tavisi
ekumenisturi azrovnebisa gamo. misi aRsasrulic ar warmoadgens qristes
saxelisTvis sisixlis daTxevas. metic, mis aRsasrulTan dakavSirebiT ar aris
calsaxoba da sruli garkveuloba, aramed gvaqvs ori gansxvavebuli versia. im
SemTxvevaSic ki, Tuki grigol feraZis aRsasrulis saxiT saxezea moyvasisaTvis
Tavganwirva, es CaiTvleba moqalaqeobriv gmirobad, romlis msgavsi qmedeba,
radgan saqme meore msoflio omis periodTan gvaqvs, Tundac am omis dros
mravali iyo, rodesac Tavganwirvisa da gmirobis SesaSur magaliTebs iZleodnen
komunisti, aTeisti meomrebi, magram arc erTi maTgani wmindanad ruseTis
eklesias ar Seuracxavs.
arsebobs aseve gadmocema
imis Taobaze, rom grigol feraZem sakuTari sicocxlis riskis fasad gadaarCina
menSevikebis mier sazRvargareT gatanili saeklesio faseulobebi. esec,
udavod, did gmirobas warmoadgens da imsaxurebs umaRles samoqalaqo jildoebsa
da wodebebs, magram aseTi Rvawli sruliad arasakmarisia pirovnebis wmindanad
SeracxvisaTvis, metadre, rodesac misi azrovneba klasikuri ekumenizmis nimuSs
warmoadgens.
imisaTvis, raTa sruliad
davrwmundeT grigol feraZis ekumenistur cnobierebasa da azrovnebaSi,
gavecnoT mis Sesaxeb arsebul masalebs. gadmocemas daviwyebT Jurnal
“artanujSi” grigol feraZis cxovrebis Sesaxeb moyvanili masaliT, xolo Semdeg
moviyvanT Tavad grigol feraZis werilebidan amokrebili masalas.
* *
*
“1995 wlis 18-19
seqtembers mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi gamarTulma saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli avtokefaluri eklesiis gafarToebulma krebam kaTolikos
ambrosisTan, mitropolit nazarisTan, gabriel episkopossa da sxva gamoCenil
mamuliSvilebTan erTad mama grigoli wmindanad Seracxa. “wminda Rvdelmowame”
arqimandrit grigolis xsenebis dRed 6 dekemberi dadginda.
1921 wlis Semodgomaze
garekaxeTis samRvdeloebam grigol feraZe gelaTSi gamarTul mesame saeklesio
krebaze Tavis warmomadgenlad miavlina, sadac, korneli kekeliZisa da
mitropolit nazaris (leJava) SuamdgomlobiT, misi evropaSi saswavleblad
gagzavnis sakiTxi daisva.Agrigolis bediT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi cnobili
germaneli moRvawe artur laisti dainteresda.
artur laistma 1921 wlis
10 oqtombers sarekomendacio werili gaugzavna germaniis qalaq potsdamSi
mcxovreb cnobil Teologsa da sazogado moRvawes, “aRmosavluri samisionero
sazogadoebis” damaarsebels – doqtor iohanes lefsiuss, romelSic, kerZod,
aRniSnavda: “batoni feraZe Zalian mondomebulia . . . qarTuli eklesiis
amJamindeli gaWirvebis gamo sakmarisi finansuri Sesatanis imedi ar unda
gvqondes. magram germaniis kulturuli politikisaTvis mniSvnelovani iqneba
saqarTvelos eklesiis CarTva germanuli mecnierebis gavlenis sferoSi da
amitom kargi iqneboda, Tu axalgazrda kacs berlinSi finansur daxmarebas
gauweven”. lefsiusma grigol feraZe 1922 wels ianvarSi miiRo,
stipendia dauniSna da yovelmxriv xeli Seuwyo, raTa igi berlinis
universitetis Teologiis fakultetis studenti gamxdariyo... grigoli didad
emadliereboda Tavis mfarvels. igi erT-erT mogonebaSi werda: ”patara
werili ver daitevs yovelive imas, rac swavlis 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi STamagona
doqtorma lefsiusma. es mTeli cxovrebis programaa, cxovrebis, romelic
aRvsili iqneba am mravalmxrivi da RvTisagan uSurvelad momadlebuli kacisagan
miRebuli STabeWdilebiT”.ATeologiis fakultetze grigols aswavlidnen
gamoCenili mecnierebi: adolf fon harnaki, karl brokelmani, bruno maisneri,
adolf daismani.
arsebobs ori versia
grigol feraZis daRupvis garemoebasTan dakavSirebiT: pirvelis mixedviT,
osvencimis sakoncentracio banakSi germaneli oficeri mouklavT. banakis administracias mkvleli ver upovia, yvela
tusaRi, didian-patarianad, mTavar moedanze gamourekavs, saSinel yinvaSi
gauSiSvlebia da uTqvams – ase dediSobila idgebiT yinulze, vidre mkvleli ar
gamondebao. maSin patimrebis mwkrivs grigol feraZe gamoeyo. igi jer ZaRlebs
daaglejines, xolo Semdeg benzini gadaasxes da banakis Tvalwin dawves.
meore ufro gavrcelebuli
versiis Tanaxmad, romelic grigol feraZis jvarTan erTad mitropolit dionises
gadasca banakidan dabrunebulma yofilma patimarma, mama grigoli Tavisi nebiT
Sevida gazis kameraSi im tusaRis sanacvlod, romelsac mravalSviliani ojaxi
hyavda”.
* * *
axla moviyvanoT amonaridebi
Tavad grigol feraZis werilebidan.
grigol feraZe
QqarTuli kulturis samsaxurSi
germanuli mecnierebis
Seswavla daviwye misi ayvavebis periodSi. iseTi figurebi, rogorebic arian
harnaki, holi, daismani, baudisini, gresmani, guseni da erhardi, yovel TaobaSi
rodi ibadebian, isini mravali Taobis swrafvisa da sulieri Rvawlis gvirgvins
warmoadgenen. . . simarTle rom iTqvas, me ara var Teologi. arasodes
vaniWebdi did mniSvnelobas wminda Teologiur mecnierebas. dogmatikas mxolod
imitom vswavlobdi, rom iZulebuli viyavi – am saganSi xom Semdeg gamocda
unda Camebarebina. aseve ar maRelvebda qristianuli
msoflmxedvelobis problematika da sxva religiebTan Tu Tanamedrove sulier
mimdinareobebTan misi dapirispireba, yovelive is, rac termin apologetikiT
gamoixateba... adamiani, romelic maSin mexmareboda Tavisi rCevebiTa da
mamobriv mzrunvelobas iCenda, iyo doqtor lefsiusi. ZiriTadad man ganapiroba
Cemi daintereseba bibliuri da istoriuli TeologiiTa da aRmosavluri enebiT.
is, rac me doqtor
leciusma Camagona, kidev ufro gaaZliera profesorma gusenma. misi meoxebiT
gavicani cnobili mecnieri, orientalistTa mefed miCneuli paul petersic...
mas 1926 wels
Sevxvdi briuselSi. ganzraxuli mqonda agreTve garkveuli dro dameTmo
kaTolikuri Teologiis SeswavlisaTvis luvenis (belgia-a.u.) cnobil Zvel
universitetSi... Zalian bevri vimogzaure am qveyanaSi da davaTvaliere bevri
qalaqi, maTi mSvenieri xelovnebis galereebi, eklesiebi, monastrebi.
gansakuTrebiT mWidro
mecnieruli kavSirebi mqonda kaTolikuri Teologiis ganyofilebis axali aRqmis
mkvlevarTan, profesor hainrix bogelsTan. profesorma Tavisi mecnieruli
cxovreba Seswira “Diatessaronu”-s
problemis kvlevas. misi Seswavla gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania saxarebis
teqstebis rekonstruqciis, anu sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Tavdapirveli formis
dabrunebisaTvis.
1931 wlis 18 Tu 19
aprils londonis berZnul eklesiaSi berad aRvikvece, meore dRes ki diakvnadac
makurTxes. KmRvdlad kurTxevis ceremoniali parizis berZnul eklesiaSi 1932
wlis 25 maiss Catarda. CemTvis daiwyo sruliad sxvagvari, axali cxovreba, romelic
aseve msurda Semewira qarTuli kulturisaTvis.
burliti (profesori f.
s. burlit-kembriji-a.u.) Cemi SromiT Zalze dainteresebuli ramdenjerme
gaemgzavra londonSi, raTa piradad daeWira mxari Cemi gancxadebisaTvis
rokfeleris fondidan stipendiis daniSvnis Taobaze.
parizis universitetis
axali aRTqmis cnobilma protestantma mkvlevarma profesorma m. goguelma,
romelTanac piradi nacnoboba makavSirebda, rekomendacia momca “Gollege de Frace”-is cnobil
bizantolog gabriel miletTan... britaneTis bibliur sazogadoebasTan
miwer-mowera mqonda ukve 1929 wlidan.
parizSi arsebobda wm.
sergis saxelobis Teologiis instituti. aq leqciebs kiTxulobdnen Teologiis
rusi profesorebi da, vfiqrob, marTlmadidebluri Teologiis institutebs Soris,
igi mniSvnelobiT meorea msoflioSi (aTenis institutis Semdeg). miuxedavad
imisa, rom SemeZlo, arasodes micdia am institutSi muSaobis dawyeba. es rom
gamekeTebina, maSin iZulebuli gavxdebodi ierarqiul daqvemdebarebaSi
movqceuliyavi rus mitropolitTan. Cveni samrevlos mTeli Zalisxmeva ki iqiTken
iyo mimarTuli, rom SeenarCunebina ZvelqarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis
avtokefaluri mdgomareoba.
1933 wlis zafxulma
imedis sxivi Camisaxa, romelsac SeeZlo keTilismyofeli gavlena moexdina
rogorc parizis qarTul mrevlze, aseve Cems Sromaze qarTuli kulturis sferoSi.
qarTvelma aleqsandre mdivanma, romelic evropasa da amerikaSi cnobili iyo
Tavisi mravalricxovani qorwinebebiT mdidar qalebze, gamoZebna axali sacole
da surda masze jvari eklesiaSi daewera. ar mindoda am saqmeSi Cavreuliyavi,
miTumetes, rom pirvel colTan oficialurad ganqorwinebuli ar iyo, magram
davTanxmdi, oRond im pirobiT, Tu dokumentebs rusul eklesiaSi Seitanda.
ivnisSi Tu ivlisSi, ramdenime qarTvelis TanxlebiT, mdivanma sazeimod
daifica rusuli eklesiis zRurblze, rom qorwinebis Semdeg parizSi patara
qarTul samreklos aaSenebda mRvdlis oTaxiTurT, magram rodesac davapire
Semesrulebina ceremoniali, cam Caylapa Tu miwam, veRarsad vipove nefe.
safuZvlianad Seswavlis
Semdeg vefxistyaosani CemTvis uaRresad Zvirfasi gaxda da albaT ar Sevcdebi
Tu vityvi, rom SoTa rusTaveli saqarTveloSi religiuri azrovnebis
mamamTavaricaa.
am mogzaurobis dros
CavaRwie monteneblomdec, sadac XIX saukuneSi qarTvel uniat berebs mcire
seminaria hqondaT gaxsnili. aqauri kaTolikuri arqividan gadmoviwere bevri
saintereso dokumenti seminariis muSaobis Sesaxeb, risi saSualebac momca
monteneblos episkoposma.
Ggrigol feraZe
SoTa rusTavelis religia
SoTa rusTavelis poema –
“vefxistyaosani” did interess iCens religiuri sakiTxebisadmi... miuxedavad
amisa “vefxistyaosani” ar aris qristianuli qmnileba, am sityvis sruli
gagebiT. qristianoba, garda saxarebisa, moicavs dogmebs, eklesias,
samRvdeloebas. rusTavelTan ar gvxvdeba aseTi qristianoba. igi arRvevs
adamianis mier istoriuli qristianobis am sam ZiriTad nawils Soris gavlebul
sazRvars da aviTarebs sakuTari filosofiur-Teologiur msoflmxedvelobas. poeti
SeiZleba CaiTvalos qristianobis udides reformatorad, axali religiis
fuZemdebladac ki.. geniosi poeti sakuTar prizmaSi atarebs zogadsakacobrio
kulturis rogorc minimum xuT ZiriTad fundaments: qristianobas,
mahmadianobas, warmarTul filosofias, qarTul warmarTobasa da zoroastrizms...
iseTi grZnoba meufleba, rom Tavisi lamazi da yvelasaTvis gasagebi Sinaarsis
mqone poemaSi, SoTa rusTavels undoda axali religiis – qarTuli religiis
koncefciis SemoTavazeba. am mizniT igi mimarTavs da iSveliebs qarTul
warmarTobas, gamoxatuls xalxur wes-CveulebebSi, miTologiasa da xalxur
tradiciebSi. Cemi azriT poemaSi axali elementiebia: aqtiuroba, brZola RvTis
daxmarebiT ukeTesi yofisa da bnel Zalebze gamarjvebisaTvis. poemaSi
pasiur-apokalifsuri ganwyobileba ar igrZnoba, piriqiT, sinaTle mxolod
adamianis brZolis Sedegad damkvidrdeba. rogorc miiCneven, sicocxlis bolos
SoTa rusTaveli berad aRikveca. Cemi azriT, mas SegviZlia beri vuwodoT jer
kidev poemis Seqmnamde. aseTi poemis Semqmneli adamiani mzad iqneboda
tanjviT daecva sakuTari Sexedulebebi da ar gamoketiliyo monastris kedlebSi.
samwuxarod, es
nawarmoebi ar aris saTanadod gagebuli. XII saukuneSi, poemis Seqmnis
periodSi, samRvdeloebas saqarTveloSi Zalian didi gavlena hqonda. swored
maTgan idevneboda es naSromi. qarTvelni didebulni ki aRfrTovanebulni iyvnen mxolod sxarti
aforizmebiT, sentenciebiT, lamazi adamianebis siyvaruliT. es poema esmoda
mxolod ubralo xalxs, ubralo glexs, romelic mTlianad iTvisebda qmnilebidan
mowodebul Segonebebs. “vefxistyaosani” misTvis iyo saxareba, romelic
TiTqmis zepirad icoda da romlis citatebsac yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi iyenebda.
Ggrigol feraZe
vin aris CvenTvis SoTa rusTaveli?
poema dawerilia lamazi
eniT da gajerebulia maRali kulturiT, religiur-filosofiuri faseulobebiT. mas
Semdeg mTeli saqarTvelo am poemaze izrdeba – esaa Cveni meore
saxareba.
grigol feraZe
saqarTvelos eklesiis uZvelesi istoriis
problemebi
IX saukuneSi kaTalikosi
arseni Tavis naSromSi “ganyofisaTvis qarTvelTa da somexTa” ambobs, rom
qarTvelTa eklesia erTgulad idga im rwmenaze, romelic man wm. grigolisagan
miiRo da ra Tqma unda somxebi iyvnen isini, vinc daarRvies wm. grigolis
anderZi. leqcionarebic ar asaxeleben wm. ninos da qarTul onomastikaSi
saxeli nino Cvens mier ganxilul droisaTvis saerTod ar gvxvdeba. qarTuli
onomastika Zalin cudadaa Seswavlili. mTeli qarTuli hagiografiuli da
patristikuli literatura dumiliT gverds uvlis am wmindans, romelsac
Semdegdroindel literaturaSi ase didi da naTeli misia xvda wilad... mas
Semdeg qarTul matianeebSi da qarTul patristikis furclebze myisve qreba wm.
grigolis saxeli... ase dgeba problema: grigoli Tu nino? problema wydeba
somxurisa da uZvelesi qarTuli gadmocemis sasargeblod... marisaTvis nino
samegrelos ganmnaTlebeli iyo. amis mixedviT, cxadia, ninos araferi aqvs
saerTo aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan.
wm. giorgi mTel mcire
aziaSi sami saxiT gvevlineba. pirvelad, rogorc xalxuri eposis nayofi, misi
cxovreba aisaxa e.w. xalxur wignSi anu dadianosis redaqciaSi... esaa wm.
giorgis pirveli saxe, romelic eklesiam uaryo; meore wm. giorgi xalxuri
RvTismosaobis produqtia. giorgi Seerwya warmarTul kerpebs da masze
gadatanili iqna warmarTuli elementebi. mesame giorgis vxedavT warCinebulTa
ganaTlebul wreebSi. aq giorgi omis gmiria, qveynisa da jarebis patroni.
aq saqme gvaqvs
qristianuli eklesiis periodTan, roca qristianoba, rogorc ebrauli seqta,
ebraelTa Sorisac arsebobda.
grigol feraZe
uniis yriloba venaSi
(Jurnali “religia” #6,
1992 w., gv.93-94)
25-dan 27 maisamde
Catarda Zalzed saintereso yriloba. . . yrilobaze ganxiluli iyo aRmosavleTis
orTodoqsuli eklesiis kaTolikurTan xelaxali SeerTebis problema.
momxseneblebad gamodiodnen germaniisa da avstriis kaTolikuri eklesiis
garkveulwilad wamyvani pirebi... da kidev ori momxsenebeli; erTi orTodoqsi
da yofili rusi sasuliero piri, koplinski, romelic berlinSi yofnisas
gavicani. amasobaSi igi kaTolike gamxdara da amJamad varSavis uniatTa jgufs
xelmZRvanelobs. man warmoadgina Tema: ”uniis fsiqologiuri siZneleebi
ruseTTan mimarTebaSi”.
konferencias
warmarTavda is Tvalsazrisi, rom siyvaruliT, mokrZalebiTa da saTnoebiT, maTi
mentalitetis Rrma gagebiT mivuaxlovdeT aRmosavleTis suls... Tavdapirvelad
unda damyardes ormxrivi kavSiri urwmunoebisa da bneli Zalebis winaaRmdeg. eklesiis
Taviseburi ganviTarebis gzaze Zalzed dascildnen erTmaneTs, mxolod maTi
daaxloeba gamoiRebs WeSmarit nayofs... SeuZlebelia dasavleTis kulturaze nayofieri
zegavlena da misi ganaxleba aRmosavleTis qristianebis monawileobis gareSe
da piriqiT, warmoudgenelia aRmosavleTis religiis aRorZineba romis eklesiis
daxmarebis gareSe (gmoyofa Cvenia-a.u.).
konferenciaze
aucileblad aRiares uniis siZneleebi ori eklesiis SeTanxmebis Taobaze...
wina xazze uniis damabrkolebel mizezebad dogmaturi gansxvavebebi ki ar
wamoswies, aramed erovnuli da fsiqologiuri... aRmosavleTis patara
“sqizmatur” eklesiebs iseTi didi mniSvneloba ar eniWeba, rogorc rusuls, da
Tu ruseTi roms SeuerTda, mere advili iqneba aRmosavleTis eklesiebis
gadmobireba. amitom romi Tavis Zalebs ruseTisken mimarTavs, Tumca igi arc
aRmosavleTis eklesiebs iviwyebs. man poloneTi Tavis slavur “sqizmatur”
ZmebTan damakavSirebel xidad dasaxa... konferenciaze aRiares, rom muSaobaSi
aqamde gamoyenebuli meTodebi mcdaria da maTi gaumjobeseba saWirod scnes...
axla xom mainc unda ganimsWvalon gasacodavebuli rusebis mimarT siyvarulis,
daxmarebis, qvelmoqmedebis grZnobiT, raTa Wrilobebi mouSuSon da amgvarad
ndoba aRuZran romis mimarT, - es ki uniasTan miaxlovebis pirveli nabiji
iqneboda.
am TvalsazrisiT
saintereso moxseneba waikiTxa batonma kaglerma . . . moxseneba mTlad sworad
ar iyo dasaTaurebuli. moxsenebas erqva “rusebis ltolva uniisaken”, albaT
unda rqmeoda “rusebisaTvis daarsebuli saqvelmoqmedo organizaciebis
reformatoruli winadadebani” anda amdagvari. moxsenebas taSiT Sexvdnen. ukve
naTlad gamoCnda pirvel rigSi ra iyo saWiro da am TvalsazrisiT
gadawyvetilebac miiRes. erT-erT dadgenilebaSi paps sTxoven, rom kaTolikur
fakultetebze orTodoqsi TeologebisaTvis stipendia daeniSnaT.
ai, es aris am
saintereso yrilobis Sedegebi. rogorc Cans kaTolikuri eklesia kompromisis
gzaze dgas. man aRiara aRmosavleTis liturgiebi da aukrZala unias laTinuri
wesiT wirvis Sesruleba. kaTolikur eklesias surs siyvaruliT, mokrZalebiT da
SemwynareblobiT Seegebos Tavis gaTiSul aRmosavlel Zmebs.
cxadia SeTanxmebisaken
swrafvas Tavisi sazRvaric aqvs da udidesi siZnelec – umZimesi sakiTxic,
romelsac kaTolikuri eklesia arasodes da verasodes dasZlevs is gaxlavT, rom
kaTolikuri eklesiis azriT mxolod is aris uflis namdvili taZari... da
yvelaferi, rasac is gaakeTebs – siyvarulica da simSvidec am mosazrebidan
gamomdinare iqneba da daelodeba baraqian mosavals, erTxelac iqneba da es
SesaniSnavi droc dadgeba, roca qrstianobas erTi mwyemsi waruZRveba da Cveni
macxovris locva TvalnaTliv acxaddeba. amisTvis loculobs egzom mxurvaled
aRmosavleTis qristianoba miwyiv Tavis liturgiebSi da rogorc aq Cans da
rogorc cnobilia igi saukuneebis manZilze am erTianobis misaRwevad iRwvis.
erTxelac iqneba da gaerTiandebian sarwmunoebani dadgeba didebuli dRe, Cveni uflis mwored
mosvlis win gaerTiandebian ara marto romauli da berZnuli eklesiebi, aramed
evangelikuric SeuerTdeba maT, romelic aseve warmoadgens Cveni uflis taZars.... rogor gaerTiandebian isini,
es Cvens amocanas ar warmoadgens, es samecniero kvlevis sfero ar aris,
aramed igi yoveli cocxali qristianis movaleobaa. Cveni uflis romel mrevlsac
ar unda ekuTvnodes igi. vinc qristes sasufevels seriozulad uyurebs, is
dainaxavs, rom qristianobis arsi mtrobaSi, SurSi, eWvsa da avazakobaSi
rodia, igi uflis mrevlis Zmur siyvarulSi suldgmulobs da erT
mSvenier dResac Cveni macxovris xeze es sami toti erTmaneTs gadaeWdoba.
(gamoyofa Cvenia a.u.).
17 ivnisi, 1927 w.
* * *
moyvanili amonaridi
sruliad aSkarad gviCvenebs, rom grigol feraZe Tavisi mrwamsiT ekumenistia.
ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, mas ar uRiarebia Tavis cdomileba da ar
Seunania ekumenistoba Tavis sicocxleSi. amitom, miuxedavad sinodialuri
gadawyvetilebisa, igi ver iqneba marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmindani, iseve,
rogorc ar SeiZleba gaxdes qristes eklesiis wmindani mwvalebeli an
araqristiani, rogori gmiruli aRsasruliT, moyvasisa Tu samSoblosaTvis
TavganwirviTac ar unda aResrulos igi. amgvar mamulisSvilTaTvis arsebobs
sxvadasxva eruli, saxelmwifoebrivi jildoebi.
qristes eklesiis
winaaRmdeg brZola mravali mimarTulebiT mimdinareobs. erTerTi maTgania
eklesiis ekumenizacia, romlis ganxorcielebasac xels uwyobs ekumenisturad
moazrovne da moRvawe pirebis wmindanebad Seracxva. naxeT, rogor moixsenieba
grigol feraZe erT-erT ekumenistur gamocemaSi “eklesiis sazRvrebi –
marTlmadidebeli eklesia da ekumenuri moZraoba”, gamomcemloba kvirioni, 2000
w, gv. 177.: “Teologiur mecnierebaTa doqtori, varSavis universitetis
marTlmadidebluri Teologiis kaTedris gamge da profesori atqimandriti grigol
feraZe saeklesio madliT kanonizebuli erTaderTi wmida mowamea, romelic ekumenuri
moZraobis saTaveebTan dgas. venisa da lozanis konferenciebs (1926 –1927)
igi saqarTvelos eklesiis aradelegirebuli statusiT eswreboda da im pozicias
emxroboda, romlis Tanaxmad dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis eklesiebi erTi da
imave sxeulis ori filtvia.”
gamodis rom, qristes,
anu marTlmadidebeli eklesia da mis mier anaTemas gadacemuli mwvalebluri,
anu dasavleTis cru “eklesia” erTi, qristes sxeulis ganuyofeli nawilebia. es
aSkara RvTis gmobaa da mas araferi aqvs saerTo “saeklesio madliT
kanonizebasTan”. madls RmerTi iZleva da ara eklesiis romelime, Tundac
umaRlesi organo, romelic, rogorc eklesiis, maT Soris saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoria gviCvenebs, ar aris dazRveuli Secdomebisagan da yofila, rom miuRia
mcdari da aramadlmosili gadawyvetilebebi.
grigol feraZis
kanonizaciis Semdeg Cveni eklesia, misi wmida sinodi gaemijna ekumenizms da
saerTo gadawyvetilebiT gamovida eklesiaTa msoflio sabWodan. amitom,
vfiqrobT, marTebuli iqneba am WeSmariti gadasaxedidan manve Seafasos
winamorbedi aqtebi da Secvalos mis mier adre miRebuli aramarTebuli
gadawyvetilebebi. amis precendentebi arsebobs eklesiis istoriaSi da aseTi
praqtika miRebulia eklesiis cxovrebaSi imisaTvis, rom eklesia maqsimalurad
iyos daculi Secdomebisagan.
a. ungiaZe
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